Mosque Inside Taj Mahal Essay

ACKNOWLEGEMENT

Particular thanks for everyone particularly our darling sir IRWAN because ever give new cognition to us for prepared this assignment. We are so proud to be your pupil. Your attention. guiding. attending and rectifying to us is truly benefit. We will retrieve and used it everlastingly although in working clip. Not bury to all friend. thanks because ever supported and helps us when making this assignment. We besides happy holding a friends like you all. The minutes with you all can non be arise from our head. We got so many knowlegde and information when making this assignment although we are non traveling to India yet. We are so enjoy to larn and cognize more about the georism particularly about Taj Mahal. Wish we luck for our success. Thank you.

Background

The prototype of love. the lament in marble. Taj Mahal is one of the most graceful and excessive memorials in India. The 7th admiration of the universe. it attracts 1000s of tourers every twelvemonth. A symbol of eternal love and devotedness of Emperor Shah Jehan to his beloved queen Mumtaz Mahal. the Taj is a suiting testimonial to so romantic-a-love narrative and so divine an emotion that binds two psyche everlastingly. Mumtaz Mahal was a Muslim Persian Princess ( her name. Arjumand Banu Begum before matrimony ) and Shah Jahan was the boy of The Mughal Emperor Jehangir and grandson of Aktar The Great. He was at the age 14 that he met Mumtaz and fell in love with her. A visit to Taj Mahal. the mausoleum of Mumtaz. is a rare experience. It has become a signature memorial of Indian architecture and person has justly said that Taj jas been designed like a castle and finished like a gem.

The pure white marble construction. Taj acquires different sunglassess at different times of the twenty-four hours and with altering seasons. The soft pink colour of the morning and fiery shadiness that it acquires at twilight are all bewitching. Though. the visible radiation that presents it in the best possible mode is possibly that of full Moon. when it shines with pristine white and silver glorification. Taj seems to be every bit notional as the love narrative it represents of an all-mighty prince and a simple miss peddling silk and glass beads in the market and their matrimony that seems so much like a fairy narrative. The faithful married woman marched with the prince. who was subsequently crowned the emperor. on his every expedition and bore him 14 kids. On her deathbed. she made the emperor to assure to do a lovely memorial unlike any other in the universe as the testimonial to their loving minutes that were a hoarded wealth for her. The emperor kept the promise dependably and therefore. Taj was conceived.

Location

Taj Mahal is located in the metropolis of Agra that in bend is situated in India. India is the premier state of Indian Peninsula that stretches amidst Indian Ocean in the South. Bay of Bengal in East. Arabian Sea in the West and Himalayas in North. India is the largest state in Indian sub-continent and
South Asia. It is situated in the Northern Hemisphere and Tropic of Cancer base on ballss right from its centre.

Agra is a historic metropolis that is situated 200 Kilometers or 125 American stat mis from Delhi. the capital metropolis of India. Agra is an of import touristry and commercial finish in the Indian state of Utter Pradesh. Taj Mahal is located in Agra merely. Taj Mahal is situated at latitude of 27° 10 proceedingss 28. 67 seconds North of Equator and have a longitude of 78° 2 proceedingss 32. 05 seconds East of the Greenwich Median.

Agra airdrome is 7 kilometer from the metropolis centre and 3 kilometer from Eidgah coach base. Major air hoses operate day-to-day tourer shuttle flights to Delhi. Mumbai. Kolkata and Banglore. Eidgah coach base is the chief coach base of Agra. from where one can catch coachs for Delhi. Jaipur. Mathura and Fatehpur-Sikri etc. Agra is besides good connected by railway. The chief railroad station is the Agra Cantonment station that is good connected to Delhi. Varanasi and other metropoliss of Utter Pradesh Rajasthan. Trains like Palace on Wheel. Shatabdi. Rajdhani. and Taj Express are the best picks if you want to make Agra from Delhi.

MAPS OF TAJ MAHAL

How to Reach Agra

Agra is easy accessible. particularly from Delhi and Jaipur. It has its ain domestic airdrome. which is merely 5 kilometers from the metropolis and besides doubles up as the military airdrome. It is besides good connected by a web of trains to about all the major finishs throughout the state and some of the super-express trains that pass through it include the Rajdhani Express and the Shatabdi Express. Both the authorities and private coachs and gilded managers run to and from Agra to all the nearby major finishs within and outside Uttar Pradesh.

By Air: | Agra’s really ain Kheria airdrome is hardly 5 kilometers from the metropolis and is besides known as Agra Civil Enclaves. All the major domestic air hoses provide
flight services to and from the metropolis of Taj. | By Train/Rail: | It is surprising to observe that Agra has seven railroad Stationss of its ain. excepting the Tundla junction. which is merely 1 hr off from the metropolis. However the two major railroad Stationss include Agra Fort Railway Station and Agra Cantt Railway Station. Raja-ki-Mandi is besides a popular way station point in the metropolis.

Most of the trains running across India base on balls through the former two railroad Stationss including the luxury train ‘Palace on Wheels’ and the super express trains known as Rajdhani Express and Shatabdi Express. Some of the other major trains pass through Tundla. good connected to the metropolis by route. | By Road: | Agra self-praises of three National Highways including N. H. No. 2. 3 and 11. The authorities and private coach services are available to and from Agra to all the nearby major finishs. One can engage ordinary coachs or the gilded managers. harmonizing to their demands. U. P. Tourism besides conducts particular guided Tours for the tourers. who come here merely for a twenty-four hours. including Taj Mahal. Agra Fort. Sikandra and Fatehpur Sikri in their paths. |

Fact ABOUT TAJ MAHAL

Taj Mahal was constructed between 1631 A. D and 1654 A. D. The building is said to hold been done by a work force of 22. 000 that contained among others labourers. Naqqashi labourers. painters. stonecutters. garden-layers. nurserymans. embellishment creative persons and Masons. The Mughal Emperor Shah Jahan commissioned its building. It was constructed as a mausoleum for Arjumand Begum. who was re-christened Mumtaz after her matrimony to Shah Jahan. It is said that Shah Jahan was really much pained by the decease of his favourite married woman. He constructed this mausoleum so that its pleasant site would give him consolation. The Taj Maha is the finest illustration of Mughal architecture. a manner that is a elusive blend of elements from Persian. Indian and Turkish architecture. The Taj Mahal has achieved particular note because of the love affair of its inspiration. It is wrongly perceived that merely the white domed marble mausoleum is Taj. The Taj Mahal is really an incorporate composite of constructions that contains gardens. gateways. hostel and a mosque.

Quick Facts about Taj Mahal is Legend has it that Shah Jahan had planned
to build another Taj Mahal in black marble on the other side of the river. but the war with his boies interrupted his programs. Some people think that Geronimo Veroneo. an Italian. designed the Taj Mahal. Purportedly. there are two stairwaies on the northern side of the ruddy sandstone pedestal that lead into a cellar incorporating 17 Chamberss. with a 3rd crypt in the centre. Some of import surveies feel that the Taj Mahal is droping. The name Taj Mahal when translated means “Crown Palace” or “Crown of the Palace. ”Some think that the altering colourss of the grave depict the different tempers of a adult female.

Building MATERIALS USED FOR THE CONSTRUCTION
In the building of the Taj Mahal three types of rocks have been used: ( 1 ) Semi-precious rocks like Aqiq ( agate ) . Yemeni. Firoza ( turquoise ) . Lajwad ( Lapis- lazuli ) ; moonga ( coral ) . Sulaimani ( onyx ) . Lahsunia ( cat’s oculus ) . Yasheb ( jade ) and Pitunia ( blood rock ) . These were chiefly used for inlaying work. ( 2 ) Rare and scarce rocks such as Tilai ( goldstone ) . Zahar-mohra. Ajuba. Abri. Khathu. Nakhod and Maknatis ( magnet rock ) were used for bold inlay and Mosaic work chiefly on floors. exterior wainscot and turrets and ( 3 ) Common rocks: sang-i-Gwaliari ( gray and xanthous sandstone ) sang-i-Surkh ( ruddy sandstone ) . sang-i-moosa ( black slate ) and sang-i-Rukhan ( sang-i-marmar ; white marble ) were used in foundations. masonry and for giving completing touch to the external surfaces. Red rock was brought from the adjacent towns like Fatehpur Sikri. Karauli-Hindaun. Tantpur and Paharpur whereas white marble was brought from Makrana mines ( Rajasthan ) . Semi cherished and rare rocks were on occasion brought from as distant topographic points such as Upper Tibet. Kumaon. Jaisalmer. Cambay and Ceylon.

Other stuffs which were used for the building of Taj Mahal included different sort of bricks. Gaj-i-Shirin ( sweet limestone ) . Khaprel or tiles. Qulba or Spouts to take off H2O. San. Gum. Sirish-i-Kahli or reed glue. Gul-i-Surkh or ruddy clay. Simgil ( silver clay ) and glass. The centre and skeleton of the chief edifice is made up of excess strong brick masonary in which monolithic white marble slabs. have been used on the headings and stretchers system to give it a white marble mentality. State ingredients such as molasses ; batashe ( sugar-bubbles ) . belgiri-water. urd-pulse. curd.
jute and Kankar ( pieces of fossilised dirt ) were assorted with lime howitzer to do it an ideal cementing stuff.

The Mughals believed that the cherished and semiprecious rocks have different effects on the lucks of different individuals and topographic points ; they may be auspicious or unfortunate. This has precisely been calculated and purely adhered to in the adornment of the Taj Mahal. It is chiefly because of these grounds that we see predomination of one or the other rock on a peculiar characteristic of its architecture. A figure of Markss are engraved on ruddy rock slabs. on the tracts. stepss. pedestals and pavings of the Taj Mahal. Some of them are- Symbolic motive Swastika. Cakra. aako?a ( Hexagon ) . Paµcako?a ( Pentagon ) . aa?kh ( conch-shell ) . Animate motifs – fish. Bi rd. Geometrical motifs – trigon. Square. rectangle. Floral motifs- foliages and petals of the flowers chiefly Nelumbo nucifera.

Architect OF THE TAJ MAHAL

There has been a long ongoing contention about the name of the main designer of the Taj Mahal. the pinnacle of architectural flawlessness. Veroneo and Ustad Isa Afandi are the main contestants proposed for the recognition. Harmonizing to the Spanish monastic. Father Sebastian Manrique. Venetian Geronimo Veroneo. the celebrated jewelry maker was the main designer. Veroneo is known to hold lived in Agra for many old ages and died at Lahore in 1640. However. there are many loopholes in this theory. Apart from the fact that his name has non been mentioned in any of the modern-day Iranian beginnings transporting names of assorted creative persons and craftsmen who worked for Taj. even the travelogues written by the Europeans who passed through Agra at the clip reference Veroneo merely as a skilled jewelry maker and non in anyhow connected with Taj.

Besides. no reference of Veroneo holding of all time learned architecture has been found and it is good understood that merely a individual good versed in architecture could hold proposed and planned Taj. The 2nd contestant Ustad Isa Afandi has merely been mentioned as the draughtsman and non as applied scientist or designer of Taj in the assorted Iranian Bibles of those times including the histories of Lahauri. Other names that keep starting up from clip to clip include the Turkish Isa Muhammad Effendi and Persian designer. Ustad Ahmad. who had designed the Red garrison. Yet. the most historiographers agree that Shah Jahan himself was the chief advocate of Taj. To make this architectural admiration. he passionately coordinated all the thoughts. suggestions and undertakings presented to him by assorted skilled creative persons. irrespective of their beginning. whether they were French. Turkish. Indian or Italian. Merely argus-eyed and right merger of countless designs and sentiments proposed by many originators put together could make such an architectural balance and luster.

INTERIOR AND EXTERIOR TAJ MAHAL

The interior chamber of Taj Mahal steps far beyond traditional cosmetic elements. Here the inlay work is non pietra dura. but lapidary of cherished and semiprecious gemstones. The interior chamber is an octagon with the design leting for entry from each face. though. merely the south garden-facing door is used. The interior walls are about 25 meters high and topped by a “false” interior dome decorated with a Sun motive. Eight pishtaq arches define the infinite at land degree. As with the outside. each lower pishtaq is crowned by a 2nd pishtaq about midway up the wall. The four cardinal upper arches form balconies or sing countries and each balcony’s outside window has an intricate screen or jali cut from marble.

In add-on to the visible radiation from the balcony screens. light enters through roof gaps covered by chattris at the corners. Each chamber wall has been extremely decorated with dado Ba alleviation. intricate lapidary inlay and refined penmanship panels. reflecting in illumination item of the design elements seen throughout the outside of the composite. The octangular marble screen or jali which borders the empty tomb is made from eight marble panels. Each panel has been carved through with intricate piercework. The staying surfaces have been inlaid with semiprecious rocks in highly delicate item. organizing enlacing vines. fruits and flowers.

Muslim tradition forbids elaborate ornament of Gravess and hence Mumtaz and Shah Jahan are laid in a comparatively apparent crypt beneath the interior chamber
with faces turned right and towards Mecca. Mumtaz Mahal’s empty tomb is placed at the precise centre of the interior chamber with a rectangular marble base of 1. 5 meter by 2. 5 meter. Both the base and coffin are intricately inlaid with cherished and semipreciousems. Calligraphic letterings on the coffin identify and congratulations Mumtaz. On the palpebra of the coffin is a raised rectangular lozenge meant to propose a writing tablet. Shah Jahan’s empty tomb is beside Mumtaz’s to the western side. It is the lone seeable asymmetric component in the full composite.

His empty tomb is bigger than his wife’s. but reflects the same elements: A larger coffin on somewhat taller base. once more decorated with amazing preciseness with lapidary and penmanship that identifies Shah Jahan. On the palpebra of this coffin is a traditional sculpture of a little pen box. The pen box and composing tablet were traditional Mughal funerary icons adorning men’s and women’s coffins severally. Ninety Nine Names of God are to be found as calligraphic letterings on the sides of the existent grave of Mumtaz Mahal. in the crypt including “O Noble. O Magnificent. O Majestic. O Unique. O Eternal. O Glorious… “ . The grave of Shah Jahan bears a calligraphic lettering that reads ; “He traveled from this universe to the banquet-hall of Eternity on the dark of the twenty-sixth of the month of Rajab. in the twelvemonth 1076 Hijri.

PICTURES OF TAJ MAHAL

INTERIOR PICTURE’S OF TAJ MAHAL

EXTERIOR PICTURE’S OF TAJ MAHAL
Taj Mahal in Agra

Taj Mahal in Agra. India

Taj Mahal

Mosque Inside Taj Mahal